I. Team members
Team leader: Prof. & Dr. ZHENG Yongquan
Core members: Profs & Drs. YUAN Huizhu, HUANG Qiliang, JIANG Hongyun, RUI Changhui, CHEN Fuliang, DONG Fengshou, LIU Xingang, YANG Daibin
Assistants: Assoc. Prof. LI Fengmin, Assoc. Profs & Drs. ZHANG Lan, CAO Lidong, YIN Mingming, CUI Li, Drs. WU Xiaohu and ZHANG Yanning,

Ⅱ. Team leader
Team leader, Prof. ZHENG Yongquan, PhD in pesticide science, the second-level researcher, doctoral supervisor, special allowance expert of the state council government. Deputy Director General of Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IPP-CAAS), outstanding talent in agricultural research, agricultural leading talents of CAAS (Class B), Director of the key laboratory of pest management in agriculture, Director of the risk assessment laboratory for biological hazard factor of agricultural product quality safety, Director of agricultural pesticide application evaluation supervision and testing center, Director of the ministry of agriculture's GM environmental safety and plant resistance monitoring and testing center.
He graduated from Nanjing Agricultural University in 1985 with a bachelor's degree, and was assigned to work in IPP-CAAS in the same year. In 1998, he graduated from the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences with a master's degree. Then, he got his PhD of Science from Central China Normal University in 2004. In 1993, he was invited to conduct cooperation research on pesticide residue for 3 months at Giessen University in Germany; From September, 1995 to February, 1997, he was a visiting scholar at the Pesticide Research Center of Michigan State University. In May, 2002 to April, 2003, he served as visiting fellow in the Institute of Plant Protection, Hohenheim University, Germany.
He has been long engaged in the research of scientific use of pesticides, pesticide residue and environmental safety evaluation, agricultural product quality safety and pesticide pollution bioremediation. He presided more than 20 projects, such as the public welfare industry research projects, national natural science foundation, national support program, 973 project, ministry of agriculture finance special and international cooperation project, etc. He won 3 second prize of the national prize for science and technology progress (one as the first contribution person) and 10 awards of the provincial science and technology progress prize. He has published 10 books and a total of 270 research papers in academic journals, including almost 120 SCI papers as the first author and corresponding author. He has established 113 national pesticide residue limit standards.
Besides, he is the chairman of Beijing Pesticide Society, executive director of China Plant Protection Society, executive director of China Chemical Society, director of China Pesticide Industry Association and director of China Toxicology Society; expert in agricultural working group of the international codex alimentarius commission (CAC), member of national standard review committee for food safety, member of the national review committee on pesticide residue, expert of agricultural product quality safety expert group, member of green food expert advisory committee, member of the non-public agricultural product review committee, member of the national pesticide registration committee, and member of the agricultural pesticide provisional registration review committee and so on.
III. Research fields
1. Biochemical basis of pesticide toxicology: Study on the interaction mechanism between small molecule and target molecule, to discover new target sites and explore the molecular toxicological methods of new targets for pesticides; to analyze the molecular mechanism of sub-lethal effect and reveal the molecular mechanism of pesticide resistance and predict the resistance risk.
2. The chemical basis of high efficiency application of pesticide on target: Study on the preparation of optimized carrier materials by means of compound modification and chemical modification, and the regulation mechanism of the interfacial process and dose transfer behavior of the drug particles in the target deposition process, to reveal the regularity of the synergistic effect of the time and space characteristics of pesticides and the regulatory mechanism in increasing the effective utilization rate of pesticides. Innovation of high efficiency pesticide use technology, to expand the principle and application technology of low risk application for crop seeds and root and improve the effective utilization rate of pesticides.
3. Environmental chemical behavior basis of pesticide: Study on the mechanism of pesticide environmental behavior and model construction and development of new high-throughput analytical methods for pesticide residue, to reveal the relationship between pesticide absorption, migration, degradation, accumulation behavior and application efficiency, uncover the difference in the stereoselective behavior of the enantiomers, and clarify the interaction mechanism between pesticides and soil functional microorganisms.
4. Pesticide application risk assessment and control: Study on the assessment of pesticide exposure to environmental non-target organisms and occupational health risks, and conduct research on environmental toxicology of pesticides, to understand the toxicological molecular mechanisms of pesticides towards non-target organisms, and construct pesticide dose transfer model and early warning system regarding pesticide application risk.
IV. Research progress
1. Mechanism analysis on pesticide toxicology
（1）Completed the plotting of camptothecin and its derivatives from the role of the molecular targets - DNA topoisomerase I and binary compound, causing the cell DNA to break and resulting in an increased level of intra-cellular ROS, stimulating the increase in intracellular calcium level by sucking in the mitochondria, causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane permeabilit, the release of cytochrome c, thus activating protease apoptosis. This study is the first to reveal the bioactive mechanism of the plant source active substance camptothecin, and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis of insect cells was first mapped.
（2）In the study of pest resistance management techniques, there may be a negative interaction resistance (Methoxy hydrazide and Indoxacarb) for the agents. For the first time, a clear theoretical basis is obtained from the toxicological mechanism. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to detect the presence of more indoxacarb and activated metabolite DCJW accumulation in vivo resistant cotton bollworm. The biochemical detection technology was used to prove that there existed correlation between this kind of ability and in vivo metabolic detoxification enzymes of cotton bollworm, and reduced glutathione S - transferase (GSTs) activity makes it easier for indoxacarb and DCJW accumulation in the body of insect. This discovery provides a good application prospect for developing a more economical and effective treatment strategy for cotton bollworm resistance.
2. Formulation design and processing
Aiming at the limitation of low pesticide targeting and low effective utilization, nano-pesticides were prepared by using biodegradable inorganic polymeric materials as carriers. The microstructure and function were characterized and tested, and the new drug delivery system was constructed and the target dose transmission regulation was studied. The microencapsulated drug delivery system was constructed by biodegradable organic polymer polymers, to realize the sustainable release of pesticide and improve the utilization rate of pesticides.
3. Development of efficient application technology
(1) The research on the high efficiency application of the spray equipment of different scenes was conducted to improve the utilization rate of pesticides.
(2) The concentration of new functional additives affects the evaporation of fog drops in the target area and the law of drug loss were uncovered, which provides the basic data and theoretical support for the effective application.
(3) The killing radius of different pesticide droplets was studied, providing the basis for the agents selection for the aerosol spray, meaning to choose the pesticide with large radius.
4. Pesticide risk assessment and control
Based on the new soft ionization method for atmospheric pressure, supercritical fluids instead of chemical solvents, chiral stationary phase tandem mass spectrometry combined with series of technical means, and took the innovation of a batch of fast and efficient and accurate analytical methods, application and the pesticide risk assessment research.
(1) Suffering from low detection sensitivity and false positives existed in the traditional GC-MS detection of 15 organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products, using atmospheric new soft ionization ion source, through the top of the corona pin discharge effect to introduce the charge in the form of electrons or protons transfer mass spectrum identification response, and this method can increased the detection sensitivity of organophosphorus pesticides by 8.2 times, effectively eliminating the false positive problem.
(2) Using supercritical fluid to replace conventional chemical reagent, and the rapid green residue analytical method for triazole chiral pesticide flutriafol was successfully developed, and the amount of organic solvents and time were only 13% and 20% of the previous consumed, respectively.
(3) Pyrisoxazole is a chiral fungicide developed independently in China, and it has special effects on tomato grey mould, which can be used to protect against the occurrence and harm of some diseases in the plant leaves by root application. It was used in facility vegetable production in large quantities. Pyrisoxazole contains four chiral enantiomers. Our study found that Pyrisoxazole had obviously stereoselective degradation behavior in facility cucumbers and tomatoes, namely the stereoselective degradation behavior is not only related to the crop species, also related to application mode.
(4) Chinese pesticide application personnel often lack the necessary safety protection, so the pesticide exposure hazards in the process of applying pesticide should receive more attention. Based on the national conditions of China, Choosing Shandong and Henan provinces of agricultural production in China, and our team established a method of exposure dose collection and risk assessment for pesticide operators.
(5) During the research on pesticide exposure assessment, a large amount of organic solvent is always used to extract pesticides from the sampling medium. The large-scale use and waste disposal of organic solvent not only impacts the environment but also adversely affects laboratory personnel. we developed a visual determination of Potential Dermal and Inhalation Exposure Using Allura Red as an Environmentally Friendly Pesticide Surrogate.
V. National or provincial prizes have been awarded
With the efforts of the team backbone, the "Creation and application of high efficiency and low risk technology system for pesticide" won the second prize of national science and technology progress in 2016.
Main contributions: The project provided a new development concept for pesticide science and the technical support for the decision-making of government departments, upgrading the Chinese pesticide industry upgradation and the product structure and enhancing the level of the farmers’ use of pesticides.

VI. Selected papers since 2012
Zhang P, Zhang L, Zhang YN, Mao LG, Jiang HY. Substitutions in Spodoptera exigua topoisomerase I modulate its relaxation activity and camptothecin sensitivity. Pest Manag Sci, 2017, 73(6):1179-1186.
Ren XS, Zhang L, Zhang YN, Mao LG, Jiang HY. Mitochondria response to camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecine-induced apoptosis in Spodoptera exigua cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 2017, 140:97-104.
Wang LP, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang YN, Mao LG, Jiang HY. Synthesis, insecticidal activity and inhibition on topoisomerase I of 20(S)-t-Boc-amino acid derivatives of camptothecin. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 2017, 139:46-52.
Mao LG, Zhang L, Zhang YN, Jiang HY. Ecotoxicity of 1,3-dichloropropene, metam sodium, and dazomet on the earthworm Eisenia fetida with modified artificial soil test and natural soil test. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2017, 24:18692-18698.
Mao LG, Jiang HY, Zhang L, Zhang YN, Sial MU, Yu HT, Cao AC. Replacing methyl bromide with a combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and metam sodium for cucumber production in China. PLoS ONE, 2017, 12(11): e0188137.
Cui L, Qi HL, Yang DB, Yuan HZ, Rui CH. Cycloxaprid: A novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide to control imidacloprid-resistant cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Pestic Biochem Physiol, 2016, 132:96-101.
Cao LD, Zhang HR, Cao C, Zhang JK, Li FM, Huang QL. Quaternized chitosan-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers for controlled pesticide release. Nanomaterials, 2016, 6(7). doi: 10.3390/nano6070126.
Cao LD, Cao C, Wang Y, Li XH, Zhou ZL, Li FM, Yan XJ, Huang QL. Visual determination of potential dermal and inhalation exposure using allura red as an environmentally friendly pesticide surrogate. ACS Sustain Chem Eng ACS, 2017, 5:3882-3889.
Cao LD, Li XH, Fan L, Zheng L, Wu MM, Zhang SX, Huang QL. Determination of inorganic cations and anions in chitooligosaccharides by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Marine Drugs, 2017, 15(2). doi: 10.3390/md15020051.
Cao C, Zhou ZL, Zheng L, Huang QL, Du FP. Dilational rheology of different globular protein with imidazolium-based ionic liquid surfactant adsorption layer at the decane / water interface. J Mol Liq, 2017, 233:344-351.
Wang PP, Liu XG, Wu XH, Xu J, Dong FS, Zheng, YQ. Evaluation of biochars in reducing the bioavailability of flubendiamide in water / sediment using passive sampling with polyoxymethylene. J Hazard Mater, 2018, 344:1000-1006.
Tao Y, Zheng ZT, Yu Y, Xu J, Liu XG, Wu XH, Dong FS, Zheng YQ. Supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-assisted methodology for rapid enantiomeric analysis of fenbuconazole and its chiral metabolites in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and soil. Food Chem, 2018, 241:32-39.
Pan XL, Dong FS, Liu N, Cheng YP, Xu J, Liu XG, Wu XH, Chen ZL, Zheng YQ. The fate and enantioselective behavior of zoxamide during wine-making process. Food Chem, 2018, 248:14-20.

Li SS, Wang PP, Liu XG, Wu XH, Dong FS, Xu J, Zheng YQ. Polyoxymethylene passive samplers to assess the effectiveness of biochar by reducing the content of freely dissolved fipronil and ethiprole. Sci Total Environ, 2018, 630:960-966.
Wu XH, Yu Y, Xu J, Dong FS, Liu XG, Du PQ, Wei DM, Zheng YQ. Residue analysis and persistence evaluation of fipronil and its metabolites in cotton using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE, 2017, 12(3):e0173690.
Pan XL, Dong FS, Chen ZL, Xu J, Liu XG, Wu XH, Zheng YQ. The application of chiral ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to the separation of the zoxamide enantiomers and the study of enantioselective degradation process in agricultural plants. J Chromatogr A, 2017, 1525:87-95.
Li Y, Zhu YL, Liu XG, Wu XH, Dong FS, Xu J, Zheng YQ. Bioavailability assessment of thiacloprid in soil as affected by biochar. Chemosphere, 2017, 171:185-191.
Li RN, Dong FS, Xu J, Liu XG, Wu XH, Pan XL, Tao Y, Chen ZL, Zheng YQ. Enantioseparation of imazalil and monitoring of its enantioselective degradation in apples and soils using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem, 2017, 65(16):3260-3268.
Ju C, Xu J, Dong FS Liu XG, Tian FJ, Zheng YQ. Effects of hexaconazole application on soil microbes community and nitrogen transformations in paddy soils. Sci Total Environ, 2017, 609:655-663.
Du PQ, Wu XH, Xu J, Dong FS, Liu XG, Wei DM, Zheng YQ. Determination and dissipation of mesotrione and its metabolites in rice using UPLC and triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem, 2017, 229:260-267.