| Fluorophore-free luminescent double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as pesticide delivery vehicles |
With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in recent years, smart nano-delivery systems of pesticides have showed great potential to address some challenges that modern pesticides have faced. Although large progress has been made on the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as pesti-cide carriers, multifunctional MSNs endowed with bright luminescent centers to fa-cilitate the tracking of MSNs in biological systems and versatile structural proper-ties possessing a high drug loading capacity and adjustable release are still highly desirable. Recently, a research group at the Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, IPP-CAAS, published a research paper on Nanoscale (2018, 10: 20354–20365), reporting the preparation of fluorophore-free luminescent double-shelled hollow MSNs (F-DSH-MSNs) by a selectiveetching strategy and subsequent annealing treatment. The strong and stable luminescence was detected to originate from the carbon dots generated from the calcination. The as-synthesized F-DSH-MSNs nanoparticles exhibited a well-separated monodispersed spherical morphology with a smooth surface and an average particle size of about 410 nm revealed by SEM and TEM observations. The F-DSH-MSNs had maxi-mum emission intensity at 441 nm with an excitation of 360 nm. High luminescence intensities were maintained without drastic changes over the pH range of 5-10, confirming that F-DSH-MSNs could be suitably used over a wide pH region. F-DSH-MSNs were inert against fluorescence attenuation and exhibit longterm stability, which were particularly suitable for in vivo optical imaging. Mycelia of P. aspar-agi treated with pesticide loaded F-DSH-MSNs exhibited strong fluorescence under a laser excitation wavelength of 405 nm. These versatile silica nanoparticles served as a novel delivery system for the pesticide pyraclostrobin with a loading content of 28.5%. When studied in a release medium composed of PBS solution (pH = 7), ethanol and Tween-80 emulsifier (80:19.5:0.5, v/v/v), an initial burst release followed by a slow, sustained release profile was observed. The initial burst release satisfied the needs for im-mediate treatment after application. The following sustained releases could provide persistent bioactivity. The fungicidal activity of pyraclostrobin loaded F-DSH-MSNs (Py@F-DSH-MSNs) against P. asparagi was determined by the mycelium growth rate method. When the concentration of the active ingredient reached 0.2 mg/L, the percentage of inhibition (%) was more than 90% on the fourth day. To demonstrate the ap-plicability, the bioactivity of Py@F-DSH-MSNs against cucumber pow-dery mildew was evaluated using a pot experiment. Results indicated that the developed novel silica nanoparticles can serve as a versatile carrier to deliver pesticides to pathogens for plant protection.
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